Without Base plate: Here the Load Bearing area of concrete is less. So resistance against Uplift force and shear force are very less. because of this, there is early chances of failure in the structure.
With Base plate: Here the Load Bearing area of concrete is very large. Column Base plates are designed to resist axial forces coming from top to bottom. And also transmits Uplift forces and Shear forces through Anchor rods and Bearing end plate.
(Here Base plate act as a mediator between “column and concrete structure” to transfer such loads)
The Below fig shows the Difference between With and without Base plate
(Below Fig: cross section of Steel Column with Pedestal)
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